This article is a guideline on how to install and configure an apache webserver, which is ready to host content management systems like Typo3, Joomla, WordPress or other PHP applications. It also give hints for the installation on an Amazon EC2 instance. I used these instructions for a setup on Amazon EC2.
Starting from a fresh ubuntu installation, install LAMP (Linux – Apache – MySql – PHP).
tasksel install lamp-server
The dialog for installation will open, enter the required information (MySql root user password).
Open the hostname file with the following command and enter the public hostname of the server. In my case it is the hostname of the Amazon EC2 instance.
vim /etc/hostname
Installing PHP modules for the webserver
I have a list of PHP modules, which I frequently require in order to host certain applications and CMS systems. Install them with the following command:
apt-get install imagemagick curl libcurl3 libcurl3-dev php5-curl php5-mcrypt php5-gd php5-json php5-dev php5-xsl
After the installation of the modules I usually change some settings of the php.ini, the settings I change are the following:
- upload_max_filesize = 100M
- post_max_size = 100M
- memory_limit = 128M
You can change the php.ini file using the following command:
vim /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini
It’s not necessary to change the limits like that – if you have other requirements, they won’t affect the installation in any way. The last step is to reload Apache:
/etc/init.d/apache2 reload
Installing FTP services for the webserver
Usually I use FTP services for upload (and to connect IDEs via FTP for easier deployment), so we also install a FTP server, in this case the service is called vsftpd. I can be installed using the following command:
apt-get install vsftpd
After that we alter the configuration file of vsftpd in order to allow ubuntu systems users to connect via FTP using their passwords and to upload/download files via FTP. Change the configuration file using the following command:
vim /etc/vsftpd.conf
Change the following three values:
- local_enable=YES
- write_enable=YES
- local_umask=022
After changing and saving the file, restart the service using the following command:
service vsftpd restart
In case you are using an Amazon EC2 instance like me, make sure to add the ports 20 and 21 as inbound to the security group of your EC2 instance. Also, you have to set the value in the vsftpd configuration file “pasv_enable=YES” and add the following lines:
pasv_enable=YES pasv_min_port=64000 pasv_max_port=64321 port_enable=YES pasv_address=<your-publicly-resolvable-host-name> pasv_addr_resolve=YES
Reload the service vsftpd again. Add the port range 64000-64321 to the EC2 inbound rules. The workflow is also explained on stackoverflow here.
Installing sendmail for email sending on the webserver
In order to send emails from the server (which is mainly used by the content management systems) install sendmail using the following command:
apt-get install sendmail
In order to conduct a test, to see if the email sending is working, install the following package:
apt-get install bsd-mailx
Now you can try to send an email from command line using the following:
mail -s "example subject" email@address.eu
Replace your own email address with “email@address.eu”. After writing this command, an empty line will show in the command line – here you have to write the content of your test email. After clicking one more type Return, write a single dot (“.”) to mark the end of the email. You have the option to add a CC email address, after that the email should be send.
Installing webmin and virtualmin for managing the webserver
In order to administrate the server and the virtual hosts on the server via graphic interface in the browser, I am using webmin and virtualmin. Before starting to install webmin, install some required packages using this command:
aptitude -y install perl libnet-ssleay-perl openssl libauthen-pam-perl libpam-runtime libio-pty-perl apt-show-versions libapt-pkg-perl
Visit the homepage of webmin here and check for the latest version of webmin, in my case it was the version 1.710. Download and install webmin using the following two commands:
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/webadmin/webmin/1.710/webmin_1.710_all.deb dpkg -i webmin_1.710_all.deb
After, visit the homepage of virtualmin to check for the latest version, in my case it’s 4.12. Download and install like this:
wget http://download.webmin.com/download/virtualmin/webmin-virtual-server_4.12.gpl_all.deb dpkg -i webmin-virtual-server_4.12.gpl_all.deb
After installation, remove the two .deb files remaining, they are not required anymore.
Installing apache2-mpm-itk for webmin and virtualmin
After a basic installation, the document root of the webserver is usually residing in /var/ww. This option has some drawbacks, for example that users should just have access to their /home directory and that files in /var/www should be owned by www-data. Virtualmin stores the website data in the home directory and adds an user for every domain. This is a good solution, futhermore you can use vsftpd to limit every user to just their home directory. apache2-mpm-itk takes care, that the files in the home directory can still be owned by the user and apache won’t have any problems with this. Install the module and reload apache:
apt-get install apache2-mpm-itk service apache2 restart
After the installation, you can usually access webmin using the following address: https://YOUR-DOMAIN:10000. Since I am using an Amazon EC2 instance, I also had to take care of the following things:
- You have to add a rule to allow access on port 10000. In order to add it, go to the Amazon AWS management console and open the EC2 instances. Scroll to the right and click on the Security Group of the EC2 instance, you want to grant access on port 10000 on. Click the “inbound rules” tab, hit “Edit” and click on “Add rule”. Choose “Custom TCP rule”, choose “TCP” protocol, enter the port “10000”, select for source “Anywhere” and save. Now it should be possible to open the webmin link at https://YOUR-DOMAIN:10000.
- Another thing is that webmin requires an user and a password to login. When using Amazon EC2 instances, the root user should have a key, not a pass. This means, that we have to add an user for webmin. Use the following command to add the user:
adduser USERNAME
Open the following file
vim /etc/webmin/miniserv.users
add the following line
USERNAME:x:0
and delete the line for the root user. After, open the following file:
vim /etc/webmin/webmin.acl
Replace “root” with the username you just added. Restart the webmin service using the following command:
service webmin restart
After refreshing the address https://YOUR-DOMAIN:10000, you should now be able to log in.
Configuration Webmin and Virtualmin
After logging in to webmin, go to Webmin – Webmin Configuration and open “Webmin Themes”. Change the Theme to “Blue Framed Theme”. This is the theme working best for me while using virtualmin. Go to “Servers” and click von “Virtualmin Virtual Servers” and start the Post-Installation Wizard. After you made the choices here, click on “Re-check and refresh configuration”. Some problems, depending on your exact configuration might appear, here are the points which I had to change:
- Deactivate BIND DNS, because I just use the server for hosting the sites, the domains are managed elsewhere and just point to this server.
- Add virtuser table to sendmail. Open the sendmail menu, click on “Sendmail M4 Configuration” and click “Edit file manually”. Between the lines
dnl # Default Mailer setup
and
MAILER_DEFINITIONS
paste the following:
dnl # Masquerading options FEATURE(`always_add_domain')dnl MASQUERADE_AS(`dev-carrenoir.eu')dnl FEATURE(`allmasquerade')dnl FEATURE(`masquerade_envelope')dnl FEATURE(`virtusertable',`hash -o /etc/mail/virtusertable')
Save the file and click the button “Rebuild Sendmail Configuration” and “Yes, replace it now” after.
- Virtualmin needs to have the modules “mod_suexec” and “mod_actions” enabled. Go to “Servers” -> “Apache Webserver” -> “Global configuration” -> “Configure Apache Modules”. Check “suexec” and “actions” and click “Enable Selected Modules”.
- Virtualmin wants us to remove “SetHandler” lines from the php5 configuration file in “/etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php5.conf”. I don’t like this option a lot – but it is not a big problem. We can add the SetHandler instructions in the template for every virtual host which is going to be created. Edit the php5 configuration file using the following command:
vim /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php5.conf
and comment the two lines starting with “SetHandler”. Reload the webserver after
service apache2 reload
- If the suexec command is not found in the system, install the following additional package
apt-get install apache2-suexec-custom
The following file
vim /etc/apache2/suexec/www-data
has the first line “/var/www”. Replace this with “/home”, save and close the file. Reload apache
service apache2 reload
- If webalizer is not installed yet, install it using the command
apt-get install webalizer
After all problems are removed, Virtualmin should load. Now we have to add some configurations to the template, which is used to create new virtual hosts. Open “Servers” -> “Virtualmin Virtual Servers (GPL)” and open “Server Templates”, choose “Default Settings”. From the dropdown, select “Administration user”. For the point “Add domain owners to secondary group” choose “Selected group” and pick “www-data”. Pick “Apache website” from the same dropdown and paste the following to the end of “Directives and settings for new websites”:
<IfModule mpm_itk_module> AssignUserId ${USER} ${USER} </IfModule> <FilesMatch ".+\.ph(p[345]?|t|tml)$"> SetHandler application/x-httpd-php </FilesMatch> <FilesMatch ".+\.phps$"> SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source # Deny access to raw php sources by default # To re-enable it's recommended to enable access to the files # only in specific virtual host or directory Order Deny,Allow Deny from all </FilesMatch>
Now you should be all set to add the first virtual server.
thanks for the guide. I’ve tried to install virtualmin and webmin 3 times on ec2 and this guide made it work!